Research has shown there is an elevated risk of dying by suicide and of non-fatal attempts by people in the early phase of psychosis. In fact, during the first 6 months after the onset of psychotic symptoms regardless of age, individuals may be at greatest risk for dying by suicide. The risk of suicide during the first year is 12 times higher than that of the general population. Up to 26% of people with schizophrenia have attempted suicide by the time they are admitted to the psychiatric hospital for the first time.
Although when a person dies by suicide the surviving members of the family or friends might have been unaware of his or her intentions, suicide does not come out of the blue. There usually are risk factors or warning signs. In a suicidal moment, people with psychotic disorders are likely to be experiencing active psychotic symptoms, feelings of depression, and stress. While most people who make attempts or complete suicide have previously discussed their suicidal thoughts, most do not tell anyone right before they act. However, if asked, they can talk about their suicidal intentions. Suicidal behavior in people with psychosis tends to be long-term and needs to be monitored regularly.
Some experts believe that suicidal behavior is preventable. The factors that can lead to reducing risk include: early identification of the onset of psychosis especially when access to care is available, identification of risk factors in individuals after the onset of psychotic symptoms, use of specific and targeted interventions, and continuity of care. In fact, medication and psychotherapy for depressed mood in individuals with psychosis are likely to reduce suicidal behavior. There are specialized therapy approaches for suicide prevention that can be provided by a treatment team. However, many of these approaches require specialized training. You can learn more on this topic at the Suicide Prevention Resource Center.
For a comprehensive review of this topic, see the SAMHSA webinar Recognizing Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in Individuals with First Episode Psychosis.
For help with managing suicidal individuals see ZeroSuicide.